Designing a bi-objective rice supply chain considering environmental impacts under uncertainty

Rice is a strategic commodity in the food chain for people and governments. It fundamental many societies. Moreover, producing rice can provide reliable source of revenue if proper supply management coordinated by farmer countries. The includes diverse elements such as farms, mills, distribution centers, markets. This study examines important factors that play significant role chain. A bi-objective mathematical model formulated to minimize total costs an economic goal soil erosion its destruction due consumed water cultivation environmental goal. To verify proposed model, case with limited producer farms has been investigated. some parameters annual precipitation production areas along other are presented under several scenarios. Furthermore, extended programming approach stochastic utilized solve model. Finally, sensitivity analyses have performed.